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Trichinellosis, also known as trichinosis, is a parasitic disease caused by the roundworm Trichinella spiralis. This parasite is found in many different animals, including pigs, bears, and rats. Humans can become infected by consuming undercooked or raw meat that contains Trichinella larvae.
After ingestion, the larvae are released from the meat in the stomach and small intestine, and then they penetrate the intestinal wall and enter the bloodstream. They are carried by the bloodstream to muscles throughout the body, where they encyst and develop into adult worms. This process can take several weeks.
Symptoms of trichinellosis can vary depending on the severity of the infection, but typically include fever, muscle pain and tenderness, swelling of the eyelids or face, weakness, fatigue, and diarrhea. In severe cases, complications such as myocarditis, encephalitis, and pneumonia can occur.
Diagnosis of trichinellosis is made by detecting antibodies to Trichinella in the blood, or by finding the larvae in a muscle biopsy. Treatment usually involves antiparasitic drugs such as albendazole or mebendazole, as well as anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve symptoms.
Prevention of trichinellosis involves properly cooking meat to a temperature of at least 71°C (160°F) to kill the larvae. Freezing meat at -15°C (5°F) for at least 20 days can also kill the larvae. It is also important to practice good food hygiene, such as washing hands and utensils thoroughly, to prevent the spread of the parasite.