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Severe erythema multiforme (EM), also known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), is a rare and serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. It is often triggered by an adverse drug reaction or an infection, and is characterized by a widespread rash that blisters and peels, as well as painful erosions of the mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth, and genitals.
Symptoms of SJS may include:
SJS is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment. The first step in managing SJS is to discontinue any suspected drugs that may have triggered the reaction. Treatment may also include supportive care, such as pain management, hydration, and nutrition support, as well as wound care for skin and mucous membrane erosions.
In severe cases of SJS, hospitalization may be necessary. Treatment in a specialized burn unit may also be required for patients with extensive skin involvement. Immunomodulatory therapies, such as intravenous immunoglobulin or systemic corticosteroids, may also be used in severe cases to help reduce inflammation and prevent further damage to the skin and mucous membranes.
Prevention of SJS primarily involves identifying and avoiding known triggers, such as certain medications or infections. It is important to always read medication labels carefully and to report any adverse reactions to a healthcare provider promptly.