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Nephrotic syndrome is a group of symptoms that occur when the kidneys are damaged and excrete too much protein in the urine. It is most commonly caused by damage to the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys, which results in increased permeability of the glomerular membrane and allows protein to leak into the urine.
The main symptoms of nephrotic syndrome include:
There are several underlying conditions that can cause nephrotic syndrome, including:
Treatment for nephrotic syndrome involves managing the underlying condition and controlling symptoms. Medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and diuretics may be used to reduce proteinuria, swelling, and other symptoms. Lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy weight, reducing sodium intake, and avoiding alcohol and tobacco may also help improve symptoms and prevent complications.
Complications of nephrotic syndrome can include infections, blood clots, and kidney failure. Close monitoring and ongoing medical care are important to manage the condition and prevent complications.