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Invasive aspergillosis is a serious fungal infection that typically affects individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, or organ transplantation, as well as individuals with HIV/AIDS or other immunocompromising conditions. It is caused by the fungus Aspergillus, which is commonly found in the environment, such as in soil, decaying vegetation, and building materials.
Invasive aspergillosis occurs when Aspergillus spores enter the body and grow in the lungs or other organs, such as the brain, heart, or kidneys. The infection can spread rapidly and may lead to life-threatening complications such as sepsis, respiratory failure, or organ damage.
Symptoms of invasive aspergillosis can vary depending on the affected organ but may include fever, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, headache, confusion, and abdominal pain.
Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis typically involves a combination of imaging tests, such as chest X-rays or CT scans, as well as laboratory tests such as fungal culture, antigen testing, or PCR. Treatment of invasive aspergillosis usually involves antifungal medications, such as voriconazole, isavuconazole, or amphotericin B, and supportive care for any complications.
Prevention of invasive aspergillosis involves minimizing exposure to Aspergillus spores, particularly in healthcare settings, by implementing strict infection control measures such as air filtration, sterilization of medical equipment, and proper hand hygiene. It is also important for individuals with weakened immune systems to avoid activities that may increase their risk of exposure to Aspergillus spores, such as gardening or construction work.