“May all be happy, may all be healed, may all be at peace and may no one ever suffer."
Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) refer to a group of health conditions that result from insufficient iodine intake. Iodine is an essential nutrient required for the production of thyroid hormones, which play a crucial role in regulating metabolism and promoting growth and development.
Iodine deficiency is the leading cause of preventable intellectual disability worldwide, and it affects nearly 2 billion people globally, with the majority residing in low-income countries. The severity of IDD ranges from mild to severe, with the most severe form being cretinism, a condition that results in irreversible intellectual disability, growth retardation, and neurological abnormalities.
Iodine deficiency can also cause goiter, a noncancerous enlargement of the thyroid gland. This is due to the overstimulation of the gland in response to low iodine levels. In pregnant women, severe iodine deficiency can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, and congenital abnormalities such as cretinism and neurological deficits in the offspring.
The best way to prevent IDD is through adequate iodine intake, which can be achieved through dietary sources or iodized salt. Iodized salt is the most effective and affordable strategy to prevent IDD, and it has been successfully implemented in many countries worldwide.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a daily intake of 150 micrograms of iodine for adults and 250 micrograms for pregnant and lactating women. Foods rich in iodine include seafood, dairy products, and iodized salt. In regions where access to these foods is limited, iodine supplements or fortified foods can be used to prevent IDD.
In conclusion, iodine deficiency disorders are a significant public health issue that can have severe and irreversible consequences. Ensuring adequate iodine intake through the consumption of iodized salt or other sources is crucial to prevent IDD and promote optimal health and development.