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Macrocytic anemia is a type of anemia characterized by abnormally large red blood cells. It can be caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid, which are necessary for the formation of red blood cells. The large size of the red blood cells is due to an impairment in DNA synthesis, leading to the production of immature red blood cells that are unable to divide and mature properly.
Symptoms of macrocytic anemia may include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, pale skin, a swollen, red tongue, and tingling or numbness in the hands and feet. If left untreated, macrocytic anemia can lead to nerve damage, depression, confusion, and memory loss.
Treatment for macrocytic anemia depends on the underlying cause. If the anemia is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid, treatment may involve dietary changes and supplements to increase levels of these nutrients. In severe cases, injections of vitamin B12 may be necessary. It is important to identify and treat the underlying cause of macrocytic anemia to prevent complications and improve overall health.