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Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of swelling in various parts of the body, including the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs. HAE is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of the C1 inhibitor protein, which is responsible for regulating inflammation and preventing excessive swelling.
Symptoms of HAE may include sudden onset of swelling in the face, hands, feet, genitalia, or gastrointestinal tract, which may be accompanied by pain, tingling, or redness. Swelling of the airways can also occur, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
Diagnosis of HAE typically involves a physical examination, evaluation of medical history, and blood tests to measure C1 inhibitor levels and function. Genetic testing may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment of HAE typically involves medications to prevent and treat swelling episodes. This may include replacement therapy with C1 inhibitor protein or other medications that block the production of chemicals that cause swelling. In addition, medications to manage pain and inflammation may also be used.
People with HAE may also need to take steps to avoid triggers that can cause swelling episodes, such as stress, injury, surgery, or certain medications.
While HAE is a chronic condition, appropriate management can help prevent or reduce the frequency and severity of swelling episodes, and enable people with HAE to lead productive and fulfilling lives.