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Echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease, is a parasitic infection caused by the tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus. The disease can affect both humans and animals, and is most commonly found in rural areas of developing countries.
The infection is caused by ingesting the eggs of the Echinococcus tapeworm, which are usually found in the feces of infected animals such as dogs, sheep, and cattle. The eggs can be transmitted to humans through contact with contaminated soil, water, or food.
The symptoms of echinococcosis can vary depending on the location and size of the cysts that form in the body. In some cases, there may be no symptoms at all. However, if the cysts grow and put pressure on nearby organs, symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever may occur.
Diagnosis of echinococcosis is typically made through imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Treatment options include surgery to remove the cysts and medications such as albendazole or mebendazole to kill the tapeworms.
Prevention of echinococcosis involves good hygiene practices such as washing hands regularly, avoiding contact with animal feces, and cooking meat thoroughly before eating. In areas where the disease is common, regular deworming of dogs and other animals can also help reduce the risk of infection.