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Cryptococcal meningitis is a serious fungal infection that affects the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, which is commonly found in soil contaminated with bird droppings. The fungus can infect people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or those taking immunosuppressive medications.
Symptoms of cryptococcal meningitis may include:
Diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis typically involves a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid, which is then tested for the presence of the Cryptococcus fungus.
Treatment for cryptococcal meningitis usually involves a combination of antifungal medications, such as amphotericin B and flucytosine, followed by maintenance therapy with fluconazole. Treatment may be continued for several weeks or months, depending on the severity of the infection and the individual's response to therapy.
Prevention measures for cryptococcal meningitis include avoiding exposure to contaminated soil or bird droppings, and taking measures to strengthen the immune system in those with weakened immune systems, such as treating HIV infection or avoiding immunosuppressive medications when possible.