A chronic anal fissure is a tear or cut in the lining of the anus that does not heal within six to eight weeks. It is a common condition that can cause discomfort, pain, and bleeding during bowel movements. Chronic anal fissures may be caused by a number of factors, including:
- Constipation or diarrhea
- Passage of hard stools
- Straining during bowel movements
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Anal trauma
- Anal intercourse
Symptoms of chronic anal fissures may include:
- Pain during bowel movements
- Bright red blood on the surface of the stool or toilet paper
- Itching and irritation in the anal area
- A visible tear or crack in the skin around the anus
Treatment for chronic anal fissures may include:
- Dietary and lifestyle changes to improve bowel habits, such as increasing fiber intake, staying hydrated, and avoiding straining during bowel movements
- Topical medications, such as nitroglycerin or diltiazem cream, which can help to relax the anal sphincter and promote healing
- Botulinum toxin injections to help relax the anal sphincter
- Surgery, such as a lateral internal sphincterotomy, which involves cutting the muscle around the anus to relieve pressure and promote healing
It is important to seek medical attention if you are experiencing symptoms of a chronic anal fissure. If left untreated, chronic anal fissures can lead to complications such as infection or abscess formation.