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Active immunization against tetanus is the process of introducing a small amount of inactivated tetanus toxin, or a toxoid, into the body to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the toxin. This process is also known as tetanus vaccination.
The vaccine used for active immunization against tetanus is typically a combination vaccine that includes protection against other diseases such as diphtheria and pertussis, and is known as the DTaP or Tdap vaccine.
The recommended schedule for tetanus vaccination includes an initial series of three doses in childhood, typically at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, with additional doses given at 15-18 months and 4-6 years of age. Booster doses are recommended every 10 years throughout adulthood.
Active immunization against tetanus is important because tetanus is a serious and potentially life-threatening bacterial infection that affects the nervous system. It is caused by the toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which can enter the body through a wound or cut. Symptoms of tetanus include muscle stiffness, spasms, and rigidity, which can lead to breathing difficulties and death in severe cases.
By receiving the tetanus vaccine, individuals can develop immunity against the toxin and reduce their risk of developing tetanus. It is important to stay up-to-date on tetanus vaccination, particularly for individuals who work in jobs or engage in activities that put them at risk for exposure to the bacteria, such as healthcare workers, farmers, and construction workers.