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Vomiting blood, also known as hematemesis, is a medical emergency that can be caused by a variety of conditions. It is a symptom of underlying medical conditions and is not a disease in itself. Vomiting blood can be alarming and should always be evaluated by a medical professional.
The color and amount of blood in vomit can provide clues about the cause of the bleeding. Bright red blood in vomit usually indicates bleeding from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). Dark or coffee-ground-like material in vomit can indicate bleeding from the stomach or duodenum that has been partially digested.
Common causes of vomiting blood include:
Treatment for vomiting blood depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, such as with a Mallory-Weiss tear, the bleeding may stop on its own. In other cases, such as with a peptic ulcer, medications to reduce stomach acid or antibiotics to treat Helicobacter pylori infection may be necessary. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required to treat the bleeding and stabilize the patient.
It is important to seek medical attention right away if you are vomiting blood. Delay in treatment can lead to serious complications, including shock, organ failure, and death.