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Bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue found in the cavities of bones. It is a major component of the body's hematopoietic system, which is responsible for producing the various types of blood cells that circulate throughout the body.
There are two types of bone marrow: red marrow and yellow marrow. Red marrow is primarily responsible for producing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, while yellow marrow is mainly composed of fat cells.
The process of blood cell production in the bone marrow is called hematopoiesis. Stem cells in the bone marrow differentiate into various types of blood cells under the influence of specific growth factors and hormones.
Diseases and conditions that can affect the bone marrow include leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, aplastic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome. Treatment for bone marrow disorders may involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, bone marrow transplant, or other specialized therapies, depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Bone marrow donation is also a life-saving option for patients with certain blood disorders who require a transplant.