Tongue cancer is a type of oral cancer that develops in the cells of the tongue. It can occur on the front part of the tongue, which is called the oral tongue, or on the base of the tongue, which is called the base of tongue cancer.

The most common risk factors for tongue cancer include smoking and using other tobacco products, excessive alcohol consumption, and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Other risk factors may include a diet lacking in fruits and vegetables, chronic irritation from rough teeth, dentures, or fillings, and a weakened immune system.

Symptoms of tongue cancer may include:

1. A sore on the tongue that does not heal
2. A lump on the tongue
3. Red or white patches on the tongue
4. Pain or difficulty chewing, swallowing, or speaking
5. Numbness in the tongue
6. Swelling in the jaw

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a doctor or dentist. A diagnosis of tongue cancer is typically made through a physical exam, a biopsy of the affected area, and imaging tests such as CT scans or MRI.

Treatment for tongue cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments. The specific treatment plan will depend on the stage of the cancer, the location of the tumor, and the patient's overall health. It is important to seek prompt medical attention if you suspect you may have tongue cancer, as early detection and treatment can improve the chances of a successful outcome.