Morphea is a rare skin condition that is characterized by localized areas of thickened, hardened, and discolored skin that often have a circular or oval shape. It is also known as localized scleroderma.

The exact cause of morphea is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, in which the body's immune system attacks its own tissues, leading to inflammation and fibrosis.

Morphea typically affects the skin, but it can also involve underlying tissues such as fat, muscle, and bone. The condition can be mild or severe and may cause functional impairment or cosmetic disfigurement, depending on the extent and location of the affected area.

Treatment for morphea depends on the severity and extent of the disease. Mild cases may not require any treatment, while more severe cases may require medications such as topical or oral corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or phototherapy.

In addition to medical treatment, physical therapy and exercise may also be recommended to help maintain joint mobility and prevent contractures or deformities. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to improve function or cosmesis.

Morphea is a chronic condition that may wax and wane over time. Regular follow-up with a dermatologist or other healthcare provider is recommended to monitor the disease and adjust treatment as needed.

The cause of morphea is unknown. It may be caused by an unusual reaction of your immune system. In people at increased risk of morphea, it could be triggered by injury to the affected area, medications, chemical toxins, an infection or radiation therapy.

The condition isn't contagious.

Morphea usually lasts several years and then goes away without treatment. It may leave scars or areas of darkened or discolored skin. Until your condition clears up, you may want to pursue treatment that helps control your signs and symptoms.

Treatment options vary depending on the extent of your condition and how it's affecting your life. They include:

• Medicated creams. Your doctor may prescribe a vitamin D cream, such as calcipotriene, to help soften the skin patches. Skin generally begins to improve during the first months of treatment. Possible side effects include burning, stinging and a rash.
• Or your doctor may prescribe a corticosteroid cream to reduce inflammation. When used for a long time, these creams may thin the skin.
• Light therapy. For severe or widespread morphea, treatment may include the use of ultraviolet light (phototherapy).
• Oral medications. For severe or widespread morphea, your doctor may prescribe an immunosuppressive medication, such as oral methotrexate (Trexall), corticosteroid pills or both. Or your doctor may suggest hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) or mycophenolate mofetil. Each of these drugs has potential side effects. Talk with your doctor about a drug's risks and benefits before using it.
• Physical therapy. If the condition affects your joints, physical therapy might preserve your range of motion.