Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a medical condition characterized by the presence of an abnormal protein, called a monoclonal gammopathy or M protein, in the blood. This condition is typically detected incidentally during routine blood tests and is often asymptomatic.

MGUS is considered a pre-malignant condition, as it can progress to a more serious condition such as multiple myeloma or other related diseases. However, the risk of progression is relatively low, with only about 1% of individuals with MGUS developing multiple myeloma each year.

MGUS is more commonly diagnosed in older adults, and its cause is not yet fully understood. In most cases, no treatment is necessary for MGUS, and individuals are simply monitored through regular blood tests to monitor for progression of the condition.

In some cases, MGUS may be associated with certain medical conditions, such as autoimmune diseases or certain infections, and treating the underlying condition may help to improve the MGUS. However, there is no definitive treatment for MGUS itself, and the focus is primarily on monitoring for any signs of progression and managing any associated symptoms or complications.

The precise cause of MGUS isn't known. Genetic changes and environmental triggers appear to play a role.

MGUS doesn't require treatment. But your doctor is likely to recommend periodic checkups to monitor your health, probably starting six months after your diagnosis.

Watchful waiting

If you are at high risk of MGUS developing into a more serious condition, your doctor may recommend more frequent checkups so that any progression can be diagnosed and treatment started as soon as possible.

Your doctor is likely to watch for signs and symptoms such as:

• Bone pain
• Fatigue or weakness
• Unintentional weight loss
• Fever or night sweats
• Headache, dizziness, nerve pain, or changes in vision or hearing
• Bleeding
• Anemia or other blood abnormalities
• Swollen lymph nodes, liver or spleen

Medications

If you have osteoporosis, your doctor might recommend a medication to increase bone density. Examples include alendronate (Fosamax), risedronate (Actonel, Atelvia), ibandronate (Boniva) and zoledronic acid (Reclast, Zometa).