Keratosis pilaris is a common skin condition characterized by small, rough, raised bumps on the skin, usually on the upper arms, thighs, cheeks, or buttocks. It is a harmless condition, but it can be cosmetically displeasing.

The exact cause of keratosis pilaris is unknown, but it is thought to be related to a buildup of keratin, a protein that protects the skin from infections and other harmful substances. When too much keratin builds up, it can block hair follicles, leading to the characteristic bumps of keratosis pilaris.

Symptoms of keratosis pilaris may include:

1. Small, rough, raised bumps on the skin
2. Dry, scaly, or itchy skin
3. Redness or inflammation around the bumps

There is no cure for keratosis pilaris, but the condition can be managed with proper skin care. Here are some tips:

1. Moisturize: Keeping the skin moisturized can help reduce the appearance of bumps and improve the overall texture of the skin. Use a gentle, fragrance-free moisturizer regularly.
2. Exfoliate: Regular exfoliation can help remove dead skin cells and unclog hair follicles. Use a gentle exfoliating scrub or loofah sponge.
3. Avoid hot water: Hot water can dry out the skin and make keratosis pilaris worse. Use warm water instead.
4. Use mild soaps: Avoid using harsh soaps or cleansers that can irritate the skin. Use a mild, fragrance-free soap or cleanser.
5. Seek medical advice: In some cases, a dermatologist may prescribe a topical medication or recommend other treatments, such as chemical peels or laser therapy.

It is important to note that keratosis pilaris is a harmless condition and does not require medical treatment. However, if you are concerned about the appearance of your skin or if the bumps are accompanied by other symptoms, seek medical advice.

Keratosis pilaris is caused by the buildup of keratin — a hard protein that protects skin from harmful substances and infection. The keratin blocks the opening of hair follicles, causing patches of rough, bumpy skin.

It's not clear why keratin builds up in people with keratosis pilaris. It may occur in association with a genetic disease or with skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis. Dry skin tends to make keratosis pilaris worse.

Keratosis pilaris usually clears up on its own gradually. In the meantime, you might use any of the various products available to help improve the appearance of the skin. If moisturizing and other self-care measures don't help, your doctor may prescribe medicated creams.

• Creams to remove dead skin cells. Creams containing alpha hydroxy acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid or urea help loosen and remove dead skin cells. They also moisturize and soften dry skin. Depending on their strengths, these creams (topical exfoliants) are available over-the-counter or with a prescription. Your doctor can advise you on the best option and how often to apply. The acids in these creams may cause redness, stinging or skin irritation, so they aren't recommended for young children.
• Creams to prevent plugged follicles. Creams derived from vitamin A (topical retinoids) work by promoting cell turnover and preventing plugged hair follicles. Tretinoin (Altreno, Avita, Renova, Retin-A, others) and tazarotene (Arazlo, Avage, Tazorac, others) are examples of topical retinoids. These products can irritate and dry the skin. Also, if you're pregnant or nursing, your doctor may suggest delaying topical retinoid therapy or choosing another treatment.

Using medicated cream regularly may improve the appearance of the skin. But if you stop, the condition returns. And even with treatment, keratosis pilaris might last for years.