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Filariasis, also known as lymphatic filariasis, is a parasitic disease caused by filarial worms that are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The disease is endemic in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including parts of Africa, Asia, the Pacific, and South America.
There are three types of filarial worms that can cause filariasis in humans: Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. These worms live in the lymphatic system of the human body, which is part of the immune system responsible for fighting off infections. When a mosquito infected with the filarial worms bites a person, the worms enter the person's bloodstream and eventually make their way to the lymphatic system where they grow and reproduce.
Symptoms of filariasis can include swelling of the legs, arms, or genitalia (known as lymphedema), thickening of the skin, fever, and chills. In some cases, the infection can lead to a condition called elephantiasis, which causes severe swelling and deformation of the affected body parts.
Treatment for filariasis typically involves a combination of medication and supportive care. Medications such as diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and albendazole are used to kill the worms and reduce inflammation. Supportive care may include measures to manage lymphedema, such as compression garments and exercise therapy.
Prevention of filariasis involves controlling the mosquito population and avoiding mosquito bites. This can be achieved through measures such as using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and sleeping under mosquito nets. Mass drug administration programs are also used in some areas to help reduce the prevalence of the disease.