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Venous thrombosis is a medical condition in which a blood clot forms in a vein, usually in the legs or pelvis. It can lead to serious complications if not properly treated, such as pulmonary embolism (a blood clot that travels to the lungs) or post-thrombotic syndrome (chronic leg swelling, pain and skin changes).
Risk factors for venous thrombosis include immobility, recent surgery or trauma, cancer, hormonal therapy (including oral contraceptives), pregnancy, and certain genetic or medical conditions that affect blood clotting. People who have a family history of venous thrombosis or who have had a previous episode of venous thrombosis are also at increased risk.
Symptoms of venous thrombosis can include swelling, pain, warmth, and redness in the affected leg. However, some people may not experience any symptoms. If you suspect that you have a blood clot, it is important to seek immediate medical attention.
Treatment for venous thrombosis typically involves blood-thinning medications to prevent the clot from getting larger and to reduce the risk of complications. In some cases, thrombolytic therapy (medication to dissolve the clot) or surgery may be necessary.
Prevention of venous thrombosis includes maintaining a healthy weight, staying physically active, avoiding prolonged periods of immobility, quitting smoking, and managing any underlying medical conditions that may increase the risk of blood clots. For people who are at high risk of venous thrombosis due to surgery, hospitalization or other factors, preventive measures such as medication or mechanical devices (e.g. compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression) may be used.