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Unstable angina is a type of chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart is not receiving enough oxygen-rich blood. It is considered an urgent medical condition because it can lead to a heart attack or other serious complications.
Unlike stable angina, which is predictable and usually occurs during physical exertion or stress, unstable angina can occur at rest, during sleep, or with minimal physical exertion. The pain or discomfort is often described as a pressure, squeezing, or tightness in the chest, and can also be felt in the arms, neck, jaw, shoulders, or back.
Unstable angina is caused by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart. When a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form and partially or completely block the artery, reducing blood flow to the heart. This can lead to unstable angina or a heart attack.
Treatment for unstable angina typically involves a combination of medication and lifestyle changes. Medications may include nitroglycerin to relieve chest pain, antiplatelet drugs to prevent blood clots, and beta blockers to reduce heart rate and blood pressure. In some cases, more invasive treatments such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow to the heart.
If you are experiencing chest pain or discomfort, it is important to seek medical attention immediately, especially if it is accompanied by shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, or lightheadedness. Unstable angina is a medical emergency and requires prompt evaluation and treatment.