“May all be happy, may all be healed, may all be at peace and may no one ever suffer."
Toxocariasis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of the roundworms Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati. These worms primarily infect dogs and cats, respectively, but the larvae can also infect humans. Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans.
In humans, the larvae of Toxocara can migrate to various organs, including the liver, lungs, eyes, and brain, causing a wide range of symptoms depending on the location of infection. Common symptoms include fever, cough, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and eosinophilia (an increased number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell).
Toxocariasis can be acquired through ingestion of soil contaminated with Toxocara eggs, or through direct contact with contaminated feces from infected animals. Children are particularly susceptible to infection due to their tendency to play in soil and put their hands in their mouths without washing them. In addition, certain behaviors such as pica (the ingestion of non-food items) can increase the risk of infection.
Diagnosis of toxocariasis is typically made through a combination of clinical examination, blood tests to detect antibodies against Toxocara, and imaging studies to visualize the location of infection. Treatment typically involves the use of antiparasitic medications such as albendazole or mebendazole, along with supportive care for any symptoms that may arise.
Prevention of toxocariasis primarily involves practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands thoroughly after contact with soil or animals, cooking meat thoroughly, and avoiding contact with stray animals. In addition, avoiding behaviors such as pica and discouraging children from playing in areas where animals may have defecated can also help reduce the risk of infection.
In summary, toxocariasis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of Toxocara roundworms, primarily found in dogs and cats, that can cause a range of symptoms in humans depending on the location of infection. Prevention primarily involves good hygiene practices and avoidance of behaviors that may increase the risk of infection.