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Renal impairment refers to a decline in the normal functioning of the kidneys. The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood, regulating electrolyte balance, and maintaining acid-base balance in the body. Renal impairment can result from various causes, including chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension, infections, autoimmune disorders, medications, and genetic disorders.
The severity of renal impairment can range from mild to severe, depending on the extent of damage to the kidneys. Mild cases of renal impairment may not cause any noticeable symptoms, while severe cases can lead to kidney failure and life-threatening complications.
Symptoms of renal impairment may include fatigue, decreased urine output, swelling in the legs and ankles, difficulty concentrating, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting, and decreased appetite. In severe cases, patients may experience confusion, seizures, and coma.
Treatment of renal impairment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. In mild cases, the focus may be on lifestyle changes such as dietary modifications, exercise, and medication adjustments. More severe cases may require dialysis or kidney transplantation.
Prevention of renal impairment involves managing underlying medical conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, avoiding medications that can damage the kidneys, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Regular monitoring of kidney function through blood tests and urine tests can also help detect early signs of renal impairment and prevent the progression of the condition.