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Osteomalacia is a bone disorder that results from inadequate mineralization of bones due to a deficiency of vitamin D or impaired metabolism of vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a vital role in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestine, and the mineralization of bones. When vitamin D levels are low, calcium and phosphorus cannot be absorbed properly, leading to soft, weak bones that are prone to fractures.
Osteomalacia can cause symptoms such as bone pain, muscle weakness, difficulty walking, and bone deformities. The condition is more common in older adults, those with limited sun exposure or a diet lacking in vitamin D, people with digestive disorders that impair vitamin D absorption, and those who have had weight loss surgery. Treatment usually involves vitamin D and calcium supplements, as well as addressing any underlying causes of vitamin D deficiency.