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Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a type of AMD that occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina, which is the layer of tissue at the back of the eye that is responsible for vision. These abnormal blood vessels can leak fluid and blood, which can damage the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. As a result, neovascular AMD can cause rapid and severe vision loss.
Risk factors for neovascular AMD include age, smoking, genetics, and a family history of the disease. Symptoms of neovascular AMD may include blurred or distorted vision, a blind spot in the center of the visual field, or a sudden and rapid loss of vision. However, some people with neovascular AMD may not experience any symptoms until the disease has progressed to an advanced stage.
Diagnosis of neovascular AMD typically involves a comprehensive eye exam, including visual acuity tests, dilation of the pupils to examine the retina, and imaging tests such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) or fluorescein angiography (FA). Treatment for neovascular AMD may include injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) medications into the eye, which can slow or stop the growth of abnormal blood vessels and prevent further damage to the retina. Other treatments may include laser therapy or photodynamic therapy, which use light to destroy abnormal blood vessels.
While there is no cure for neovascular AMD, early detection and treatment can help slow the progression of the disease and preserve vision. Regular eye exams are important for people at risk of developing AMD, and lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking and eating a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables may also help reduce the risk of developing the disease.