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Malignant effusions - Generics
Malignant effusions are abnormal collections of fluid that accumulate in body cavities due to cancerous growths. These effusions occur when cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to the lining of the affected body cavity, causing inflammation and the accumulation of fluid. Common body cavities affected by malignant effusions include the pleural cavity (around the lungs), the pericardial cavity (around the heart), and the peritoneal cavity (in the abdomen).
Malignant effusions can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the location and amount of fluid accumulation. Symptoms may include:
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing (in pleural effusions)
- Chest pain (in pericardial effusions)
- Abdominal pain or discomfort (in peritoneal effusions)
- Swelling or bloating in the affected area
- Fatigue or weakness
Diagnosis of malignant effusions may involve a physical examination, imaging studies (such as X-rays or ultrasound), and fluid analysis. The fluid may be sampled through a procedure called thoracentesis (in pleural effusions), pericardiocentesis (in pericardial effusions), or paracentesis (in peritoneal effusions). The fluid is examined for cancer cells and other abnormalities.
Treatment of malignant effusions focuses on relieving symptoms and managing the underlying cancer. Common treatments include:
- Thoracentesis, pericardiocentesis, or paracentesis to remove excess fluid and relieve symptoms
- Chemotherapy or radiation therapy to shrink the cancerous growths and prevent further fluid accumulation
- Pleurodesis or peritoneal sclerosis, procedures that use chemicals to prevent fluid from accumulating in the affected cavity
In some cases, surgical procedures such as pleurodesis, pericardiectomy, or peritonectomy may be necessary to remove cancerous growths and prevent further fluid accumulation.
Prognosis for malignant effusions varies depending on the type and stage of the underlying cancer, as well as the location and amount of fluid accumulation. It is important for patients to receive prompt and appropriate treatment to manage symptoms and improve their quality of life.
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