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Listeriosis is a type of foodborne illness caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. It is usually acquired by consuming contaminated food, particularly raw or undercooked meat, unpasteurized dairy products, and ready-to-eat foods such as deli meats and soft cheeses. It can also be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy or through contact with contaminated soil or animal feces.
Symptoms of listeriosis can vary depending on the severity of the infection, but may include fever, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In more severe cases, the infection can spread to the nervous system, causing symptoms such as headache, stiff neck, confusion, and seizures. In pregnant women, listeriosis can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, or serious illness in the newborn.
Listeriosis is typically diagnosed through laboratory testing of blood or other bodily fluids. Treatment may involve antibiotics, particularly in more severe cases. Prevention measures include proper food handling and preparation, such as thoroughly cooking meat and washing fruits and vegetables, and avoiding high-risk foods such as unpasteurized dairy products and deli meats. Pregnant women, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems are at higher risk for listeriosis and should take extra precautions.