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Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck that produces hormones that regulate metabolism. In Graves' disease, the immune system produces antibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone, a condition called hyperthyroidism.
The symptoms of Graves' disease may include weight loss, increased appetite, anxiety, irritability, sweating, tremors, palpitations, heat intolerance, and changes in menstrual cycles. The eyes may also be affected, with symptoms such as bulging eyes, dryness, irritation, and double vision.
Graves' disease is diagnosed through a combination of blood tests and imaging studies, such as an ultrasound or radioactive iodine scan, which can help identify the size and activity of the thyroid gland.
Treatment for Graves' disease may include medication, such as beta-blockers to manage symptoms, and antithyroid drugs, which can help regulate thyroid hormone levels. Radioactive iodine therapy or thyroid surgery may also be recommended to remove or reduce the size of the thyroid gland.
If left untreated, Graves' disease can lead to serious complications, such as heart problems, osteoporosis, and thyroid storm, a life-threatening condition characterized by very high thyroid hormone levels. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of Graves' disease.