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Funduscopy, also known as ophthalmoscopy, is a diagnostic test that allows an ophthalmologist or optometrist to examine the interior of the eye, including the retina, optic nerve, and blood vessels. This is done using a specialized instrument called an ophthalmoscope, which has a bright light and a series of lenses that allow the examiner to see through the pupil and into the back of the eye.
During a funduscopy exam, the patient is seated and asked to look straight ahead while the examiner shines the light into the eye and moves the ophthalmoscope around to different positions to get a complete view of the interior structures. The examiner may also use special techniques to look at specific parts of the retina or optic nerve, such as using a slit lamp or placing a small lens on the eye.
Funduscopy can be used to detect a variety of eye conditions, including macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal detachment. It is also used to monitor the progression of certain eye diseases and to assess the health of the optic nerve in conditions such as multiple sclerosis.
Funduscopy is a non-invasive procedure and typically does not cause any discomfort. However, the bright light may be temporarily blinding and can cause the patient to see spots or flashes of light for a short time afterward. It is important to have regular eye exams, including funduscopy, to detect and manage any eye conditions before they progress and potentially cause permanent vision loss.