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Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic condition that affects how the body processes cholesterol. People with FH have high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, which can lead to atherosclerosis (the build-up of plaque in the arteries) and an increased risk of heart disease.
FH is caused by mutations in one of several genes that are involved in regulating cholesterol metabolism. The condition is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that a person only needs to inherit one copy of the mutated gene from one parent to develop FH.
Symptoms of FH can include high cholesterol levels, xanthomas (yellowish deposits of cholesterol under the skin), and premature heart disease, such as heart attacks and strokes. FH can be diagnosed through blood tests to measure cholesterol levels and genetic testing to identify the specific gene mutations.
Treatment for FH typically involves lifestyle modifications, such as a heart-healthy diet, exercise, and avoiding smoking, as well as medications to lower cholesterol levels, such as statins or other cholesterol-lowering drugs. In some cases, surgical procedures, such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or angioplasty, may be necessary to treat complications of FH.
If you have a family history of high cholesterol or heart disease, it is important to talk to a healthcare professional about screening for FH. Early diagnosis and treatment can help reduce the risk of complications and improve overall health outcomes.