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Dyslipidemia refers to a medical condition in which there are abnormal levels of lipids (fats) in the blood, specifically high levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and/or low levels of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol.
High levels of LDL cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Low levels of HDL cholesterol, on the other hand, are associated with an increased risk of heart disease and other cardiovascular events.
Dyslipidemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, diet, lifestyle, and certain medical conditions such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, and kidney disease. Some medications can also contribute to dyslipidemia, including corticosteroids, diuretics, and some types of birth control pills.
Treatment for dyslipidemia usually involves lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise modifications, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol consumption. In some cases, medication may be necessary to control lipid levels, such as statins, bile acid sequestrants, and cholesterol absorption inhibitors.
It is important to diagnose and treat dyslipidemia as it is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death worldwide. Regular lipid testing is recommended for individuals at risk of dyslipidemia, including those with a family history of high cholesterol or heart disease, obesity, and those with a sedentary lifestyle or poor diet.