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A callus is a thickened and hardened area of skin that develops in response to repeated friction or pressure. Calluses can form on the hands, feet, or any other part of the body that experiences frequent rubbing or irritation.
The most common cause of calluses is wearing ill-fitting shoes or engaging in repetitive activities that place pressure on the skin. Other factors that can contribute to callus formation include poor foot hygiene, high-impact exercise, and medical conditions such as diabetes or psoriasis.
Symptoms of calluses can include thickened and hardened skin, pain or tenderness in the affected area, and difficulty walking or using the hands.
Treatment for calluses typically involves addressing the underlying cause and taking steps to reduce friction and pressure on the affected area. This may involve changing footwear, using padding or orthotics to cushion the affected area, and practicing good foot hygiene. Soaking the affected area in warm water and using a pumice stone or file to gently remove the outer layer of dead skin can also help to reduce the thickness of the callus.
In some cases, medical treatment may be necessary to address severe or painful calluses. This may include prescription-strength creams or ointments, corticosteroid injections, or surgical removal of the callus.