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Bladder carcinoma is a type of cancer that originates in the cells lining the bladder. The most common type of bladder cancer is transitional cell carcinoma, which starts in the cells that line the inside of the bladder. Other less common types of bladder cancer include squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
The most common symptoms of bladder carcinoma include blood in the urine, pain during urination, and frequent urination. Other symptoms may include back pain, pelvic pain, and fatigue. The exact cause of bladder carcinoma is unknown, but risk factors include smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, chronic bladder inflammation, and a family history of bladder cancer.
Diagnosis of bladder carcinoma typically involves a physical exam, urine tests, and imaging tests such as a CT scan or MRI. A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment for bladder carcinoma depends on the stage of the cancer and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these treatments.
Prevention of bladder carcinoma includes avoiding smoking and exposure to certain chemicals, drinking plenty of water, and seeking prompt treatment for bladder infections. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can also help to detect bladder cancer early, when it is most treatable.