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Macular degeneration is an eye condition that causes the loss of central vision due to damage to the macula, a part of the retina that is responsible for sharp, detailed vision. There are two types of macular degeneration: dry and wet.
Dry macular degeneration is the most common form and progresses slowly. It is caused by the accumulation of drusen, small yellow deposits of cellular debris that form under the retina, and the thinning of the macula. Symptoms of dry macular degeneration include blurred vision, difficulty reading, and seeing fine details.
Wet macular degeneration is less common but progresses rapidly and can cause severe vision loss. It is caused by the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina, which leak blood and other fluids into the macula. Symptoms of wet macular degeneration include distorted or wavy vision, blind spots, and difficulty recognizing faces or reading.
The exact cause of macular degeneration is unknown, but risk factors include age, genetics, smoking, high blood pressure, and a diet low in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids. There is no cure for macular degeneration, but there are treatments that can slow its progression and manage its symptoms, such as the use of anti-angiogenic drugs to stop the growth of abnormal blood vessels in wet macular degeneration, and the use of nutritional supplements to reduce the risk of progression to advanced stages in some cases of dry macular degeneration. Regular eye exams are important to detect macular degeneration early and manage it effectively.