Joint inflammation, also known as arthritis, is a condition that occurs when one or more joints become inflamed. Inflammation is a normal response of the immune system to injury or infection, but chronic inflammation can lead to damage and destruction of joint tissues, resulting in pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
There are several types of joint inflammation, including:
- Osteoarthritis: This is the most common type of arthritis, which occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones wears down over time, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
- Rheumatoid arthritis: This is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium, which is the lining of the joints. This leads to inflammation, pain, stiffness, and eventually, joint damage.
- Psoriatic arthritis: This is a type of arthritis that occurs in people with psoriasis, a skin condition that causes red, scaly patches on the skin. Psoriatic arthritis can cause joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, as well as skin and nail changes.
- Gout: This is a type of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to severe pain and swelling, especially in the big toe.
- Ankylosing spondylitis: This is a type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine, causing stiffness, pain, and reduced mobility.
Treatment for joint inflammation depends on the type and severity of the condition. Common treatments may include:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): These medications can help to reduce pain and inflammation.
- Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): These medications can help to slow the progression of joint damage in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
- Biologic drugs: These are a type of DMARD that target specific molecules in the immune system to reduce inflammation.
- Corticosteroids: These medications can be used to quickly reduce inflammation and pain, but may have side effects if used long-term.
- Physical therapy: This can help to improve joint mobility and strength, and reduce pain and inflammation.
- Lifestyle changes: This may include weight loss, regular exercise, and a healthy diet to help manage joint inflammation.