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Dandruff is a common scalp condition that causes flakes of dead skin to appear on the scalp and in the hair. It can be a chronic or recurring problem that affects people of all ages and can be caused by a variety of factors.
The most common cause of dandruff is the overgrowth of a yeast-like fungus called Malassezia, which is normally present on the scalp. Other factors that can contribute to dandruff include:
Symptoms of dandruff include flakes of dead skin on the scalp, itching, and sometimes redness and inflammation. In severe cases, dandruff can lead to hair loss or thinning.
Treatment for dandruff usually involves over-the-counter medicated shampoos containing ingredients such as zinc pyrithione, salicylic acid, or selenium sulfide. These shampoos work by reducing the growth of Malassezia and removing flakes of dead skin. In more severe cases, prescription-strength medicated shampoos or topical medications may be necessary.
Prevention of dandruff involves maintaining good scalp hygiene, such as washing the hair regularly with a mild shampoo, avoiding the use of harsh hair products, and minimizing stress. It is also important to maintain a healthy diet and avoid excessive use of heat-styling tools or hair dyes, which can irritate the scalp and contribute to dandruff.