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Carcinoma of the colon or rectum, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of cancer that originates in the cells of the colon or rectum, which are part of the large intestine. It is one of the most common types of cancer, particularly in developed countries.
The development of colorectal cancer is typically a multi-step process that involves the formation of abnormal growths or polyps in the lining of the colon or rectum. Over time, these polyps may become cancerous and grow into tumors that can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body.
Symptoms of colorectal cancer may include changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation, blood in the stool, abdominal pain or cramping, and unexplained weight loss.
Treatment for colorectal cancer typically involves surgical removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue, as well as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, depending on the stage and location of the cancer. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy may also be used in some cases.
Prevention of colorectal cancer may involve lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy diet and weight, getting regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption. Regular screening tests such as colonoscopies are also important for detecting colorectal cancer at an early stage when it is most treatable.