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Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a type of skin cancer that arises from the basal cells, which are found in the deepest layer of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, and it typically grows slowly and does not usually spread to other parts of the body.
BCC is often caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. People with fair skin, light-colored hair, and blue, green, or gray eyes are at higher risk of developing BCC, as are those with a family history of the disease or a weakened immune system.
Symptoms of BCC may include a waxy or pearly bump, a flat, flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion, or a pink or red, slightly elevated growth. The affected area may also bleed or form a scab that does not heal.
BCC is typically diagnosed through a skin biopsy, in which a small sample of skin is removed and examined under a microscope. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, or topical chemotherapy. The choice of treatment depends on the size, location, and depth of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences.
Prevention of BCC includes protecting the skin from the sun's UV radiation by wearing protective clothing, avoiding midday sun exposure, and using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. Regular skin exams with a healthcare provider can also help detect BCC and other skin cancers at an early stage, when they are more treatable.