This preparation contains two bronchodilators: Glycopyrronium is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and Formoterol is a long-acting β2-adrenergic agonist (LABA) with a rapid onset of action. Glycopyrronium has similar afnity to the subtypes of muscarinic receptors M1 to M5. In the airways, it exhibits pharmacological efects through inhibition of the M3 receptor at the smooth muscle leading to bronchodilation. Formoterol causes direct relaxation of airway smooth muscle as a consequence of the increase in cyclic AMP through activation of adenylyl cyclase.

Each puff delivers-

• Through the actuator: Glycopyrronium Bromide EP 9 mcg and Formoterol Fumarate EP 4.8 mcg &
• Through the valve: Glycopyrronium Bromide EP 10.35 mcg and Formoterol Fumarate EP 5.52 mcg.

It is indicated for the maintenance treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema.

Adults: Should be administered as 2 puffs twice daily, in the morning and in the evening.

Use in patients with severe renal impairment should be considered if the potential benefit of the treatment outweighs the risk.

All LABAs are contraindicated in patients with asthma without use of a long-term asthma control medication. This preparation is also contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to glycopyrronium bromide, formoterol fumarate or to any component of the product.

The most common adverse reactions include cough and urinary tract infection. Possible side efects are sudden breathing problems, headache, tremor, nervousness, rash, swelling of the face, mouth and tongue, hives, increase blood pressure, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, muscle spasm, muscle weakness, eye pain or discomfort and urinary retention.

• This combination should not be used with an additional medicine containing a LABA because of risk of overdose.
• Not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm
• Do not initiate in acutely deteriorating COPD or to treat acute symptoms
• If paradoxical bronchospasm occurs, discontinue this combination and institute alternative therapy
• Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disorders
• Use with patients with convulsive disorders, thyrotoxicosis, diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis.
• Be alert to hypokalemia and hyperglycemia
• Worsening of narrow angle glaucoma may occur. Use with caution with patients with narrow-angle glaucoma
• Worsening of urinary retention may occur. Use with caution with patients with prostatic hyperplasia or bladder-neck obstruction

Pregnancy & Lactation

There are no data on the use of this preparation in pregnant women.