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Mammography is a diagnostic test that uses low-dose X-rays to create images of the breast tissue. It is primarily used for the detection of breast cancer in women who have no symptoms, as well as for the evaluation of breast abnormalities or symptoms such as lumps, nipple discharge, or pain.
During a mammogram, the breast is compressed between two plates and X-rays are taken from multiple angles to create images of the breast tissue. The images are then examined by a radiologist to look for any signs of abnormalities, such as masses or calcifications.
Mammography is considered to be a reliable test for the detection of breast cancer, especially when combined with other screening tests such as breast self-examination and clinical breast examination. However, mammography is not perfect, and it can miss some cancers or produce false-positive results, where an abnormality is detected but turns out to be benign.
It is recommended that women undergo regular mammography screening starting at age 50, or earlier if they have a family history of breast cancer or other risk factors. It is important for women to discuss their individual risk factors with their healthcare provider to determine the best screening schedule for them.